What is the difference
between a conforming and non-conforming loan?
The big difference is the borrowing limit, although other factors come into play. Most everyone who gets a mortgage has a conforming loan.
Conforming loans
Limits: Conforming loans are generally limited to $417,000, although there are higher limits in areas where housing is very expensive. The conforming loan limit can go up to $625,000 in housing markets, such as certain counties in California, New York, Massachusetts, and Washington, D.C., among others.
Loan-to-value ratio: Your down payment has to be equal to 20 percent or more of the home’s value, but first-time buyers can qualify for a conforming loan through Fannie Mae with as little as 3 percent down. Your mortgage lender helps with the required forms and analysis of what you qualify to buy.
Credit score: A conforming loan requires a FICO credit score of 620 or better. However, there are other government-insured mortgages (such as FHA loans) for lower credit scores.
Debt-to-income ratio: Your debt-to-income ratio can be no more than 36 percent (although some exceptions raise this to 45 percent) of your gross income.
Non-conforming loans
Sometimes people can't qualify for a conforming loan. They might need a non-conforming Jumbo loan to buy a property that costs more than the loan limit . Or they might have problem credit, such as a low credit score from bankruptcies. Self-employed people might not be able to document their income.
In the case of credit or income documentation, some lenders might still make a loan, but the interest rates and down payments will be higher.
Such loans often require payment of large fees up front, and there could be expensive insurance requirements.